Industri Berdasarkan Kriteria Ekonomi
Industri Berdasarkan Kriteria Ekonomi
Untuk membantu mereka memahami industri tempat perusahaan berinteraksi, parapakar ekonomi telah mengelompokkan industri menjadi tiga struktur dasar. Ketiga struktur tersebut adalah sebagai berikut:
Persaingan Sempurna
Persaingan sempurna terjadi di industri ketika banyak perusahaan kecil bersaing satu sama lain. Perusahaan dalam industri yang kompetitif menghasilkan tingkat output yang optimal secara sosial dengan biaya seminimal mungkin per unitnya.
Monopoli
Adalah perusahaan yang tidak memiliki pesaing di industri. Ini mengurangi output untuk menaikkan harga dan meningkatkan keuntungan. Dengan demikian, ia menghasilkan tingkat output yang kurang optimal secara sosial dan menghasilkan biaya yang lebih tinggi daripada perusahaan yang kompetitif.
Oligopoli
Sebuah oligopoli ialah sebuah industri dengan hanya beberapa perusahaan. Jikalau mereka berkolusi, mereka mengurangi output dan meningkatkan keuntungan seperti monopoli. Akan tetapi, karena insentif yang kuat untuk menipu kesepakatan kolusi, perusahaan oligopoli sering kali saling bersaing satu sama lain.
Semoga Bermanfaat.
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